Cognitively NC participants were recruited from their caregivers. From May 2015 to March 2018, participants with MCI or AD were recruited from the Huashan Hospital Memory Clinic. Our study may help clinicians to fully understand and distinguish the severity of cognitive impairment.Ī total of 1389 participants aged between 50 and 90 years old comprised four groups: 329 cognitively NC, 456 MCI, 502 mild AD, and 102 moderate-severe AD participants. We selects five items in MoCA-BC that scored more than five points in a single item these tests are the verbal fluency test, visual perception test, immediate memory test, delayed recall memory test and orientation test.

There is currently no comparison of the items in the MoCA-BC scale among cognitively normal people, and individuals with MCI, mild AD, and moderate-severe AD. There are nine items assessing different cognitive domains in MoCA-BC, including language, attention, calculation, orientation, memory, concentration, executive function, conceptual thinking, and visual perception.

Ĭompared with the MoCA, the MoCA-BC takes less time (the total number of tests is reduced by 3), and the change in some non-memory cognitive function tests improves the sensitivity for screening and the acceptance of the participants. The Chinese version of the MoCA-B (MoCA-BC), translated with cultural modifications from the original English version, has shown excellent validity and accuracy in distinguishing between NC, MCI, mild and moderate AD among the Chinese elderly with various levels of education. The cutoff points to detect MCI or AD have been demonstrated to be different all over the world. Several items in the MoCA incorporated tasks that showed wide differences due to formal education or literacy levels, such as the Trail-Making Test, cube copy, and naming low-familiarity animals. The Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA) had been used as a quick evaluation scale to detect MCI in the group of highly educated elderly adults with an average education level of 13 years. There is a close relationship between MCI and AD. Neuropathology has found that MCI patients also had extracellular amyloid deposition and neurofibrillary tangles in the susceptible brain regions of AD patients (such as the olfactory cortex in the medial temporal lobe).

Approximately 10–20% of adults over the age of 65 have MCI, and approximately 10% of these patients may progress to AD. Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is the most common neurodegenerative disease, and the incidence of AD increases with age. Mild cognitive impairment (MCI) is a transitional cognitive state between normal ageing and the early stages of dementia. Various items of the MoCA-BC can identify MCI patients early and identify the severity of dementia. The verbal fluency test was efficient for detecting MCI and differentiating AD severity. The delayed recall memory test had high sensitivity and specificity for MCI screening. The MoCA-BC orientation test had high sensitivity and specificity for discrimination among MCI, mild AD and moderate-severe AD. Five MoCA-BC item scores were collected in interviews. NC ( n = 329) were recruited from health checkup outpatients. MCI ( n = 456), mild AD ( n = 502) and moderate-severe AD ( n = 102) patients were recruited from the memory clinic, Huashan Hospital, Shanghai, China. To determine whether items of the Chinese version of the Montreal Cognitive Assessment Basic (MoCA-BC) could discriminate among cognitively normal controls (NC), and those with mild cognitive impairment (MCI), mild Alzheimer’s disease (AD), and moderate-severe (AD), as well as their sensitivity and specificity.

Moca test chinese version pdf